Abstract Materials by the modified proteic method based on calcium doped LaMnO3 and LaNiO3, with perovskite structure were prepared. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the presence of the perovskite phase in all materials, whose specific surface area values varied between 27 and 37 m2.g-1. The materials presented efficiency for the removal of Congo red dye and those with site B occupied by nickel presented better adsorptive efficiency. The incorporation of calcium on LaMnO3 or LaNiO3 materials caused an improvement in the performance of the materials for the dye removal from water. The materials maintained perovskite structure after the adsorption tests, allowing their reuse in new adsorption tests with high efficiency.

Resumo Com o uso crescente de materiais reciclados provenientes da construção civil, principalmente como substituição de parte dos agregados em misturas de concreto, torna-se necessário suprir o meio técnico com informações sobre o desempenho destas novas misturas. Resultados de pesquisas, nacionais e internacionais, disponíveis quanto ao emprego de resíduos cerâmicos na produção de concreto, ressaltam bons resultados de desempenho mecânico deste novo material em situação ambiente. Entretanto, no que diz respeito ao desempenho sob elevadas temperaturas, pouco se conhece do comportamento deste material. Neste contexto, buscou-se verificar o desempenho às elevadas temperaturas de misturas de concreto produzidas com agregados provenientes de resíduos de blocos cerâmicos; com avaliação da resistência mecânica residual quando exposto às elevadas temperaturas - resistência à compressão axial e módulo de deformação e, também, o comportamento destas misturas quanto à tendência ao lascamento em situação de incêndio. Na avaliação da resistência mecânica residual foi empregado o método RILEM-129 MHT [1] e, a tendência ao lascamento foi avaliada segundo procedimento sugerido por Souza e Moreno [2]. Em ambas, as citadas avaliações, não existe padrão nacional normatizado e, no caso do lascamento, nem mesmo internacional. Foram empregadas três misturas de concreto, uma preparada com agregado graúdo natural de basalto (referência) e outras duas com substituição de parte deste agregado natural por agregado proveniente de resíduos de blocos cerâmicos (substituição de 40% e de 100% em volume). Ao final, conclui-se que a substituição de agregado graúdo natural por agregado leve, proveniente de resíduo de blocos cerâmicos, pode ser uma excelente alternativa de incremento de desempenho do concreto ao fogo. Desta forma, os resultados de resistência mecânica e de lascamento, em situação de incêndio, inéditos em nosso país, podem auxiliar sobremaneira o meio técnico científico nacional na tomada de decisões quanto ao emprego deste material, alternativo, na indústria da construção civil nacional.

Abstract With the increasing use of recycled materials from civil construction, mainly as substitute for some aggregates in concrete mixtures, it is necessary to obtain technical information on the performance of these new mixtures. National and international research on the use of ceramic waste in concrete production highlight good results of this new material’s mechanical performance in environmental situations. However, little is known about its behavior at high temperatures. In this context, we sought to verify the performance of concrete mixtures produced with aggregates from ceramic block waste at high temperatures, with evaluation of their residual mechanical strength, axial compressive strength and elastic modulus, and also their tendency to spalling in fire situations. The RILEM-129 MHT method [1] was used for the assessment of residual mechanical strength, and the tendency to spalling was evaluated according to the procedure suggested by Souza and Moreno [2]. In both these evaluations, there is no national standard, and, in the case of spalling, not even an international standard. Three concrete mixtures were used, one prepared with natural coarse basalt aggregate (reference) and the other two by replacing part of this natural aggregate with aggregate from ceramic block waste (40% and 100% of substitution in volume). In the end, it is concluded that the substitution of natural coarse aggregate for lightweight aggregate from ceramic block waste can be an excellent alternative to increase the resistance of concrete to fire. Thus, the results of mechanical strength and spalling in a fire situation, unprecedented in our country, can greatly support the decision-making about the use of this alternative material in the national construction industry.

RESUMO Este estudo investiga a Rodovia Presidente Dutra inaugurada na década de 1950 e sua influência no processo de urbanização do Vale do Paraíba Paulista. Amparado nas constatações de Villaça (2001), que apontou para as vias regionais como vias de urbanização, a Rodovia Presidente Dutra assumiu um papel primordial para o crescimento das cidades. Na década de 1970, tal infraestrutura rodoviária foi um importante vetor do processo de realocação industrial a partir da Grande São Paulo (LENCIONI, 1998). Mais recentemente, a Rodovia foi novamente apontada nas propostas para a adoção dos Vetores Territoriais no Estado de São Paulo. A análise temporal visa, por meio, de mapas axiais explorar a expansão urbana e o sistema viário urbano-regional. Para isso, fez-se o uso de cartas topográfica,s elaboradas para o ano de 1977 e da base de dados das vias urbanas existentes no ano de 2015, obtida do projeto Open Street Map (OSM). A cartografia resultante do índice de integração das vias urbanas proporcionou uma visão espacial do sistema viário intra-urbano revelando indícios de um processo de urbanização dispersa, permitindo assim, evidenciar a Rodovia Presidente Dutra como um elemento estruturador do espaço urbano-regional no Vale do Paraíba Paulista.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the President Dutra Highway, inaugurated in the 1950s, and its influence on the urbanization process of the Paraíba Paulista Valley. Supported on the findings of Villaça (2001), which point to regional roads as urbanization routes, the President Dutra Highway has taken on a primary role for the growth of cities. In the 1970s, the President Dutra Highway was an important vector of the process of industrial relocation from the Greater São Paulo (LENCIONI, 1998). More recently, the President Dutra Highway was again pointed to in the proposals for the adoption of Territorial Vectors in the State of São Paulo. By means of axial maps, the temporal analysis aimed to explore urban expansion and the urban regional road system. To this end, topographical charts created for the year 1977 and the database of urban roads existing in 2015, obtained from the Open Street Map (OSM) project were used. The cartography resulting from the integration index of the urban roads provided a spatial view of the intra-urban road system revealing indications of a dispersed urbanization process, thus evidencing the President Dutra Highway as a structuring element of the urban-regional space in the Paraíba Paulista Valley.

RESUMEN Este estudio investiga la Carretera Presidente Dutra inaugurada en la década de 1950 y su influencia en el proceso de urbanización del Valle del Paraíba Paulista. Amparado en las constataciones de Villaça (2001), que apunta a las vías regionales como vías de urbanización, la Carretera Presidente Dutra asumió un papel primordial para el crecimiento de las ciudades. En la década de 1970, tal infraestructura vial fue un importante vector del proceso de realocación industrial a partir de la Gran São Paulo (LENCIONI, 1998). Más recientemente, la Carretera fue nuevamente apuntada en las propuestas para la adopción de los Vectores Territoriales en el Estado de São Paulo. El análisis temporal busca, por medio de mapas axiales, explorar la expansión urbana y el sistema vial urbano-regional. Para ello, se hizo el uso de cartas topográficas, elaboradas para el año 1977 y de la base de datos de las vías urbanas existentes en el año 2015, obtenida del proyecto Open Street Map (OSM). La cartografía resultante del índice de integración de las vías urbanas proporcionó una visión espacial del sistema viario intraurbano revelando indicios de un proceso de urbanización dispersa, permitiendo así, evidenciar la Carretera Presidente Dutra como un elemento estructurador del espacio urbano-regional en el Valle del Paraíba Paulista.

Abstract-Textile effluent is rich in hydrolyzed dyes that need to be removed. This study presents an evaluation of the potential of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase to remove the hydrolyzed dyes Reactive Blue 21 (RB 21) and Reactive Red 195 (RR 195) from cotton fiber and the effluent of the dyeing process. The parameters pH, dye concentration and temperature were evaluated to determine the optimal conditions to remove the dyes. The studies of removal of the dyeing effluent led to an increase of degradation for all tested colors. The use of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase as a biocatalyst can be a viable technological alternative to remove some hydrolyzed dyes.

Abstract Natural convection in superimposed layers of fluids heated from below is commonly observed in many industrial and natural situations, such as crystal growth, co-extrusion processes and atmospheric flow. The stability analysis of this system reveals a complex dynamic behavior, including the potential multiplicity of stationary states and occurrence of periodic regimes. In this study, a linear stability analysis (LSA) was performed to determine the onset of natural convection as a function of imposed boundary conditions, geometrical configuration and specific perturbations. To investigate the effects of the non-linear terms neglected in LSA, a direct simulation of the full nonlinear problem was performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The numerical simulation results show an excellent agreement with the LSA results near the onset of convection and an increase in the deviation as the Rayleigh number increases above the critical value.

AbstractSingle-cycle firing is currently the most widespread method used for the production of ceramic tile. The productivity is directly related to the performance of the constituent materials of the ceramic piece during thermal cycling. Numerical tools which allow the prediction of the material behavior may be of great help in the optimization of this stage. This study addressed the mathematical modeling of the temperature profile within a ceramic tile, together with the sintering kinetics, to simulate the effect of the thermal cycle on the final size. On the laboratory scale, 80 mm x 20 mm specimens with thicknesses of 2.3 mm and 7.8 mm were prepared in order to determine the kinetic constants and validate the model. The application was carried out on an industrial scale, with 450 mm x 450 mm pieces that were 8.0 mm thick. These results show that the model was capable of predicting the experimental results satisfactorily.

In this study the immobilization of lipase in matrices produced with gelatin with different Bloom values and with the addition of plastifiers was investigated to evaluate the influence of the Bloom value, as well as the capacity of the plastifiers to maintain the enzyme immobilized and the immobilization yield. The results indicated the need for crosslinking of the matrices with glutaraldehyde due to the high solubility in water, explained by the amino acid profile, which confirms the solubility of gelatin. Mannitol showed greater efficiency in the lipase immobilization, since it led to more porous structures and more uniform pores. These structures were also influenced by the gelatin concentration; greater concentrations associated with intermediate concentrations of plastifier led to matrices with a greater immobilization yield (87.92%). The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the structure of the immobilization matrices was partially crystalline.

Establishing criteria for hospital nutrition care ensures that quality care is delivered to patients. The responsibility of the Hospital Food and Nutrition Service (HFNS) is not always well defined, despite efforts to establish guidelines for patient clinical nutrition practice. This study describes the elaboration of an Instrument for Evaluation of Food and Nutritional Care (IEFNC) aimed at directing the actions of the Hospital Food and Nutrition Service. This instrument was qualified by means of a comparative analysis of the categories related to hospital food and nutritional care, published in the literature. Elaboration of the IEFNC comprised the following stages: (a) a survey of databases and documents for selection of the categories to be used in nutrition care evaluation, (b) a study of the institutional procedures for nutrition practice at two Brazilian hospitals, in order to provide a description of the sequence of actions that should be taken by the HFNS as well as other services participating in nutrition care, (c) design of the IEFNC based on the categories published in the literature, adapted to the sequence of actions observed in the routines of the hospitals under study, (d) application of the questionnaire at two different hospitals that was mentioned in the item (b), in order to assess the time spent on its application, the difficulties in phrasing the questions, and the coverage of the instrument, and (e) finalization of the instrument. The IEFNC consists of 50 open and closed questions on two areas of food and nutritional care in hospital: inpatient nutritional care and food service quality. It deals with the characterization and structure of hospitals and their HFNS, the actions concerning the patients' nutritional evaluation and monitoring, the meal production system, and the hospital diets. "This questionnaire is a tool that can be seen as a portrait of the structure and characteristics of the HFNS and its performance in clinical and meal management dietitian activities."

Establecer criterios para el cuidado nutricional asegura una atención de calidad a los pacientes. La responsabilidad del Servicio de Alimentación y Nutrición Hospitalaria (HFNS) no siempre es bien definida, mismo con los esfuerzos para se establecer guías para el cuidado nutricional. Este trabajo describe la elaboración de un Instrumento de Evaluación del Cuidado Alimentario y Nutricional (IEFNC), para conocer el trabajo de los HFNS. Para la calificación de este instrumento, se hizo una análisis comparativa entre las categorías utilizadas en el y las utilizadas en las publicaciones científicas. La elaboración del IEFNC se ha cumplido en las siguientes etapas: (a) un estudio de bases de datos y documentos para la selección de las categorías que se utilizaron en la evaluación del cuidado nutricional, (b) un estudio de los procedimientos prácticos de nutrición en dos hospitales de Brasil, con la finalidad de describir la secuencia de acciones que deben ser cumplidas por los HFNS, además de otros servicios que participan del cuidado nutricional, (c) el IEFNC fue elaborado considerando las categorías publicadas en la literatura, adaptado a la secuencia de acciones observadas en las rutinas de los hospitales estudiados, (d) la aplicación del IEFNC en dos hospitales, diferentes de los que hemos citado en el ítem (b), para evaluar el tiempo invertido en su aplicación, las dificultades para comprender las preguntas, además de su alcance, y (e) la finalización del instrumento. El IEFNC es un cuestionario que contiene 50 preguntas abiertas y cerradas, dirigidas para evaluar la calidad de dos áreas: del cuidado nutricional de pacientes y del servicio de alimentación hospitalario. Es una herramienta para conocer la estructura y características de los HFNS, las acciones relativas a la monitorización y evaluación nutricional y las de producción de la alimentación y de dietas hospitalarias que son importantes para el cuidado nutricional del paciente.

A produção de revestimentos cerâmicos pelo processo monoqueima é atualmente o mais difundido entre as empresas de cerâmica. O processo de queima está em constante evolução e adaptação à novos parâmetros, devido ao crescimento tecnológico e à diversificação dos produtos cerâmicos. É necessário entender o mecanismos envolvidos na queima de placas cerâmicas utilizando fornos a rolos, principalmente o desempenho térmico do equipamento e características técnicas dos revestimentos cerâmicos. Neste trabalho, um modelo matemático e um procedimento experimental foram aplicados para determinar a cinética de retração. Os parâmetros cinéticos foram determinados experimentalmente, utilizando pó industrial para obter corpos-de-prova de 80 x 20 x 2,3 mm³ queimados em forno elétrico laboratorial a rolo. A energia de ativação, Ea =178041 J/mol, o expoente do tempo "n" que determina o mecanismo de sinterização, n = 0,26285 e fator de freqüência, k0 = 44768 s-1 foram determinados depois de distintas condições de queima em 30, 40 e 50 min de frio a frio e as temperaturas entre 1000 a 1150 °C (com passos de 30 °C).

The firing process is the core of the tiles production, currently the single-cycle firing is the most widespread method in ceramic industries. Moreover, the increasing demand of technological improvements and technical diversifications of ceramic products, leads the firing process to continuously adapt to new operative conditions. The physical mechanisms that occur in roller kilns have to be understood, mainly those involving thermal performance of the equipment and technical characteristics of the ceramic tiles. In this work, a mathematical model and an experimental procedure has been applied to determine the shrinkage kinetics. The kinetic parameters have been experimentally determined using industrial powder to obtain test pieces of 80 x 20 x 2.3 mm³ fired in laboratory electrical roller kiln. Activation energy, Ea=178 kJ/mol, parameter "n", n=0.26285 and frequency factor, k0=44768 s-1 were determined after several firing conditions 30, 40 and 50 min cold-to-cold and temperatures from 1000 to 1150 ºC (steps of 30 ºC).

O efeito do comportamento do concreto perante o fogo está sendo estudado por um grupo formado no Laboratório de Estruturas e Construção Civil da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UNICAMP. Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação sobre a perda de re- sistência mecânica ocorrida em diferentes misturas de concreto depois de submetidas a temperaturas elevadas, bem como, uma investigação da influência da reidratação. As misturas foram preparadas com três diferentes agregados: argila expandida, basalto e calcário. Os corpos-de-prova C, obedecendo a mesma taxa de 300 ºC e 600 ºC foram submetidos às temperaturas de 300 aquecimento da Curva ISO-834 (1999). Após o trata- mento térmico, parte dos corpos-de-prova foram reidratados ao ar, outra parte foi imersa em água e outros envolvidos em filme plástico durante 28, 56 e 112 dias. Nestas idades os concretos foram caracterizados em relação à resistência à compressão, resistência à tração e módulo de elasticidade e assim uma avaliação da influência do tipo de agregado e da reidratação na recuperação da resistência mecânica pôde ser feita.

The behavior of concrete under fire is being studied by a group at the Structures and Civil Engineering Laboratory of the Civil Engineering, Archi- tecture and Urbanism College in UNICAMP. This work presents an investigation on the loss of mechanical strength of different concrete mixes after submitted to high temperatures and on the influence of rehydration. Mixtures were prepared with three different aggregates: expanded clay, basalt and limestone. Test bodies were submitted to temperatures of 300 ºC and 600 ºC under the same heating rate as that of Curve ISO-834 (1999). After heat treatment, some of the test bodies were rehydrated in air, some were immerged in water and others were wrapped up in plastic film dur- ing 28, 56 and 112 days. At these ages, concretes were evaluated in relation to compression strength, tension strength and modulus of elasticity, therefore providing an assessment of the influence of the aggregate type and rehydration on the recovery of mechanical strength.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a investigação experimental do comportamento do concreto quando submetido a elevadas temperaturas. Um concreto de utilização comum em nossa região, com cimento e agregados usuais, misturados em proporções também usuais (traço), foi submeti- do a temperaturas de 300 °C, 600°C e 900 °C , de maneira a se avaliar prováveis alterações na resistência à compressão, na resistência à tração e no módulo de deformação deste concreto. O efeito do resfriamento rápido do concreto, usual em intervenções de combate a incêndios, foi avaliado; alguns dos corpos-de-prova submetidos às altas temperaturas estipuladas foram resfriados rapidamente e outros foram resfriados len- tamente (ao ambiente). A recuperação provável das propriedades mecânicas analisadas, com a reidratação do concreto - com possível redução após o efeito das altas temperaturas aplicadas - também foi avaliada; corpos-de-prova submetidos às altas temperaturas estipuladas e resfriados lentamente, foram parte imersos em água e parte envoltos em filme plástico e a seguir, cada parte correspondente foi avaliada, em relação às propriedades do concreto pesquisadas, para as idades do concreto de 28, 56, 112 e 224 dias após o resfriamento lento. Ao final deste trabalho, importantes resultados sobre o efeito de altas temperaturas nas propriedades mecânicas do concreto puderam ser obtidos; contribuindo, em muito, para o estabelecimento de parâmetros para o projeto de recuperação de estruturas submetidas ao efeito do fogo.

This paper has as a goal to present the results of experimental investigations on the behavior of concrete when submitted to high temperatures. A concrete of common utilization in our region, with cement and usual aggregates mixed in usual proportions (mix), was submitted to tempera- tures of 300ºC, 600ºC and 900ºC, in order to assess probable variations in its compression strength, tensile strength and deformation module. The effect of rapidly cooling concrete, usual in fire fighting, was assessed; a few test bodies submitted to high temperatures were rapidly cooled and others were slowly cooled (to room temperature). The probable recovery of the mechanical properties under investigation following concrete rehydration - after a possible reduction from the effects of the high temperatures applied - was also assessed; test bodies were submitted to high temperatures and cooled slowly; a few were immersed in water and others were wrapped up in plastic film and then evaluated in relation to the researched properties for concrete ages of 28, 56, 112 and 224 days after slow cooling. Upon finishing this work, important results on the effect of high temperatures on concrete mechanical properties were obtained, thus providing a major contribution for the recovery design of structures that had been subject to fire.

In this paper, the volume averaging transport equations of two reactive processes in porous media are presented. The porous media are characterized by different length scales and the information describing the mass transfer mechanisms is transferred hierarchically between scales by applying the volume averaging method. This development provides the theoretical definition of effective transport coefficients, which can be predicted through solution of the closure problems. The theoretical calculation of effective diffusion tensors of the species in the particle pores is presented. Two closure problems are deduced through mathematical formulation of two different scales: microporous (process 1) and macroporous (process 2). In order to solve these closure problems, the volume finite method is used as the numerical methodology. Good agreement is verified between the numerical solutions obtained in this study and the data found in the literature for the closure problems considered.

Polymeric materials are increasingly replacing metallic materials as a result of their properties. In this work a composite of phenolic resin and sugar cane pulp was developed. The sugar cane pulp has been previously alkalinised, dried, and milled and the particles had been classified in a range of grain sizes. Experimental assays were performed, varying the proportion of the resin and the reinforcement and the size of the cane pulp fibre, keeping the pressure and moulding temperature constant. These composites were characterised according to physical and chemical properties, through test bodies produced in moulds according to ASTM standards. The experiments performed showed that the use of sugar cane pulp as reinforcement in polymeric composites represents an option for reducing costs in industrial applications, thus suggesting a significant industrial applicability of the product.

Six species of Leishmania are at present known to cause cutaneous and/or mucocutaneous leishamniasis in Brazil, and they are all to be found in the Amazon region of this country. The eco-epidemiology of each is discussed, with the observation that the Amazonian leishmaniases are all zoonoses, with their source in silvatic mammals and phlebotomine sandfly vectors. With man's destruction of the natural forest in southern Brazil, some sandfly species have survived by adapting to a peridomestic or domiciliary habitat in rural areas. Some domestic animals, such as dogs and equines are seemingly now involved in the epidemiology of the disease. No such process has yet been reported in the Amazon region, but may well take place with the continuing devastation of its forest.

Genomic DNA fragments from males of Psychodopygus wellcomei were isolated and shown to be useful as sensitive diagnostic probles for positively separting individuals of this species from those of Ps. complexus. These two members of the Ps. squamiventris series are found sympatrically in foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the hill forests of southern Pará State. Of the two species, only Ps. welcomei is thought to be an important vector of Leishmania braziliensis sensu stricto, buth this is based on circumstantial evidence because of the difficulties of identifying female sandflies wothin the series. The diagnostic probes were isolated from a library of Ps. wellcomei built by ligationg short fragments of Sau 3A-resistricted, genomic DNA into the plasmid vector PUC 18. Differential screening of 1316 library clones with total genomic DNA of Ps. Wellcomei and Ps. complexus identified 5 recombinants, with cross-hybridizing inserts of repetitive DNA, that showed strong specificity for Ps. wellcomei. As little as 0.4% of the DNA extracted from an individual sandfly (=ca. 0.5 namograms) was specifically detected. The diagnostic probes were used to identify as Ps. wellcomei a wild-caught female sandfly found infected with L. braziliensis s.s., providing only the second positive association between these two species.